Factory design is the first and crucial step that marks the beginning of a construction project's success. This phase not only ensures high aesthetic value but also meets the usage requirements of the investor and guarantees the sustainability of the structure over a long period.
So, what is the factory design phase, and why should investors deeply invest in this stage? Let’s explore these issues with BIC in the following article!
Factory design must be carried out according to a proper and systematic process. Collaborating with reputable construction design companies that have many years of experience in the same field is something that investors need to consider. Factories play a vital role in the production and business processes of enterprises; therefore, each stage requires meticulous investment, especially the design phase before starting the construction of a complete factory.
A design plan must be carefully calculated by engineers and architects in terms of logic and technical specifications to ensure functionality, durability over time, and legal standardization.
According to TCVN 2737:1995, the design of the foundation for industrial buildings must comply with the following standards to ensure legal compliance and technical requirements:
- Weak soil: The soil must be treated using appropriate methods based on geological conditions.
- Foundation structure: It must meet technological and usage conditions, and common solutions may include: concrete, reinforced concrete, cement bricks, panels, wood, plastics, and steel.
- Foundation surface: A hard base layer must be provided, and a drainage system must be constructed according to regulations. The design of the foundation surface must be higher than the base, with the height difference varying depending on the column placement: 0.2m (steel columns), 0.15m (reinforced concrete columns), 0.5m (frame columns with wall inserts).
- Sidewalk foundation: Width of 0.2-0.8m, slope of 1-3%.
- Concrete foundation is the most common type used in industrial buildings today: divided into sections of a maximum of 0.6m, with a base layer thickness of 0.1m, and joints filled with bitumen.
The foundation of a factory serves as the support base for the entire construction, ensuring the durability and stability of the factory over time. Therefore, when designing a factory, it is essential to ensure that the foundation is meticulously calculated and meets the following standards:
- Results of the site survey
- Calculation of the factory's resistance to environmental impacts such as earthquakes, storms, floods, etc.
- Must meet the functional and technological structural requirements of the factory, as well as the conditions for use throughout the operational process.
- Ensure that the foundation can withstand the load of the entire factory, complying with the regulations in TCVN 2737:1995 regarding the load on factory foundations.
- Ecological requirements and natural conditions need to be considered, as these conditions also affect the design of the factory foundation.
- Feasible design options: The investor needs to carefully consider and weigh economic and technical factors to align with the actual conditions of the investor.
In addition to the above standards, when designing the factory foundation, you should also pay attention to the following important points:
- When designing the foundation for these columns, ensure that the foundation is designed jointly for two adjacent columns to ensure stability.
- Brick walls, masonry walls, and rubble walls without structural frames: In this case, the foundation should not be designed too deep, with a maximum depth of only 15 cm. Additionally, there should be a beam supporting the wall, with the requirement that the foundation surface is at least 3 cm higher than the top of the beam.
- High-temperature and corrosive environments: If the factory is built in an environment with high temperatures or a risk of corrosion, the foundation materials must be heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant, suitable for the actual conditions.
- Hydrological characteristics: The foundation needs to be designed flexibly, which can be a pad foundation, strip foundation, pile foundation, or raft foundation, depending on the hydrological characteristics of the construction area.
The roof and roof doors in factory design need to be technically designed; this construction item not only ensures the durability of the structure and its ability to withstand weather impacts but also provides sufficient lighting for the workspace, creating a safe environment for workers. The construction process for the roof and roof doors of the factory must adhere to the following standards:
|
No. |
Type of Roof |
Slope |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
|
1 |
Asbestos Cement Sheets |
30% - 40% |
|
|
2 |
Metal Sheets |
15% - 20% |
|
|
3 |
Tiles |
50% - 60% |
|
|
4 |
Reinforced Concrete |
5% - 8% |
Must be equipped with waterproof thermal expansion joints, with a joint spacing of 24m along the length of the factory. |
Design Standards for Roof Doors
- Mixed Roof Doors: This type of roof door must not contain any heat-emitting devices that could pose a danger. Mixed roof doors should be installed with vertical glass that is thicker than 3mm, with a maximum door length of 84m, and must be at least one step away from the building's columns.
- Ventilated Roof Doors: These should have an overhanging awning to prevent rain, with an angle not exceeding 15 degrees. If there are slanted louver slats, the rain protection angle can be up to 45 degrees. The materials used for the louver slats must be highly durable and not easily breakable.
Design Standards for Rainwater Drainage Systems:
- Multi-span Roofs: The design of the drainage system will depend on the construction materials used for the factory roof. The roof drainage system should be connected to the overall drainage system of the factory.
- Single-span Roofs: For this type of roof, a drainage system is not necessary, as rainwater will naturally flow off the roof surface.
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The walls and partitions of industrial buildings can be designed based on specific characteristics, scale, and usage conditions. Common types of walls include load-bearing walls, self-supporting walls, and infill walls.
The materials commonly used for wall construction can include bricks, natural stone, asbestos cement panels, or reinforced concrete panels. In particular, when using asbestos cement panels or lightweight materials, the base of the wall should be made of bricks, natural stone, or concrete, ensuring it is at least 0.03m above the finished floor level.
The brick wall base needs to have a waterproof layer against rain using bitumen or other waterproof materials. Additionally, the moisture barrier under the wall base must use cement mortar with a strength of 75, with a thickness of 20cm, and should be placed horizontally according to the finished floor level.
The partitions between workshops must have a flexible design, allowing for easy assembly and disassembly to meet the needs of layout changes when production technology or equipment requires adjustments. The materials for partitions can include reinforced concrete panels, wire mesh concrete, wire mesh with wooden or steel frames, plywood, or particle board.
For workshops with a span of 12m or less and a column height not exceeding 6m, load-bearing walls can be designed to ensure the stability and load-bearing capacity of the structure.
When designing production workshops, it is essential to maximize the use of windows, doors, and ventilation openings to ensure the ventilation and natural lighting systems are as effective as possible. The design of the window system must meet the following requirements:
- For windows with a height of less than 2.4m from the floor level, a design that allows for flexible opening and closing is necessary.
- In areas frequently affected by storms and floods, windows installed at a height above 2.4m must be fixed into the frame to withstand strong winds.
The process of factory design is not fixed but depends on the specific requirements of each business. However, generally, the design process includes the following basic steps:
The basic design is considered the initial stage in the construction design process, helping to shape the overall technical parameters of the factory. The basic design consists of two main parts: the explanatory report and the drawings.
The explanatory report provides an overview of:
- Infrastructure and construction layout.
- Design proposals, including the structure of the factory, architecture, applied technology, fire prevention measures, environmental protection, and technical systems.
- Connection plans between construction items and the overall technical infrastructure.
The basic design drawings include:
- Elevation, cross-section, and section drawings of the factory.
- Main structural drawings.
- Architectural drawings.
The design of construction drawings for factories is carried out based on actual survey documents and estimates from architects. This drawing must meet the following requirements:
- Provide detailed and clear technical specifications, ensuring accuracy in construction.
- The structure of the factory must comply with current building codes and technical standards.
- Select appropriate materials that fully meet quality requirements and construction conditions.
During the design process of the factory, the following issues should be noted to ensure stable operation and effectively meet production needs:
- Calculate technical specifications based on the total area, building standards, and specific requirements of the enterprise.
- Anticipate potential risks that may arise during construction and propose solutions from the design stage.
- Focus on the routing system for machinery and equipment to ensure optimal operation.
- Assess the compatibility between the design drawings and the materials used to avoid errors in construction.
- Prepare a preliminary estimate of investment costs for important items such as ventilation systems, lighting, fire protection, cooling, and lightning protection to optimize factory design.
- Rigorously check the design drawings to avoid technical errors, ensuring functionality and safety for workers.
- Design the layout to fit the terrain while also having a plan for expansion when necessary.
- Propose a design plan that aligns with the investment budget and production needs of the enterprise.
Investing in factory design brings many important benefits to businesses, including:
- Space optimization: a smart design maximizes the factory area, arranging machinery, equipment, and dividing work areas scientifically, creating a logical workspace that achieves maximum efficiency.
- Optimizing production processes helps save time and labor, thereby increasing production productivity and reducing operating costs.
- Creating a good working environment that is scientific, airy, well-lit, and comfortable helps improve the work environment, motivates workers, and enhances labor productivity.
- Minimizing occupational safety risks, the construction design meets all safety standards, ensuring the safety of workers and the company's assets.
- Intelligent factory design helps optimize building materials, reducing construction costs and time. Additionally, it lowers operating and maintenance costs.
- A modern factory builds the company's image, increasing credibility and creating a good impression with customers and partners.
A factory that is invested in design not only helps optimize costs but also brings long-term effectiveness, ensuring sustainability and competitiveness for the business.
BIC hopes that through this article, investors will gain an overview of factory design and can make appropriate investment decisions in their factory construction projects. If you are interested in factory design services, please contact BIC for advice on legal issues and effective construction solutions that optimize costs and investment resources.
